Hybrid benchmarking of arbitrary quantum gates.

Abstract

We present a protocol for interleaved randomized benchmarking of arbitrary quantum 
gates using Monte Carlo sampling of quantum states. It is generally applicable, 
including non-Clifford gates while preserving key advantages of randomized 
benchmarking such as error amplification as well as independence from state 
preparation and measurement errors. This property is crucial for implementations in 
many contemporary systems. Although the protocol scales exponentially in the number 
of qubits, it is superior to direct Monte Carlo sampling of the average gate fidelity
in both the total number of experiments by orders of magnitude and savings in 
classical preprocessing, that are exponential.