The methods we use include:

• magneto-optical Kerr-effect (MOKE)
• Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)
• low-energy electron diffraction (LEED)
• medium-energy electron diffraction (MEED)
• ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
• scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
• photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM)
• X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)
  • X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)
  • X-ray linear dichroism (XLD)
  • near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS)
  • extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)