Models and concepts like single photons, atomic levels schemes, or neurons were originally developed to gain a deep understanding of nature. When used as building blocks these theoretical concepts allow for envisioning disruptive applications, e.g. in secure communication and efficient computing. However, as models are simplified abstractions of reality, these building blocks cannot be found in nature directly.

Experimental research efforts are needed to make them available in the lab and for applications. I will present our recent work on experimentally realizing and using photons, atoms, and neurons by the means of optics and outline potential applications in (quantum) information and communication technology.